hand holding growing money

常见问题:客户税务捐赠问题概览

随着本年度的全面展开,现在正是顾问们回顾与慈善捐赠相关的一些基本税收原则的好时机。 以下是许多顾问最关心的三个问题,以及有助于您为客户服务的答案。

Jan L. Lane,CAP®,高级慈善顾问

一年之计在于春。 律师、会计师和财务顾问要求客户开始为 2023 年报税和 2024 年规划收集税务文件和相关文书。 现在是顾问们回顾与慈善捐赠相关的一些基本税收原则的好时机。 以下是许多顾问最关心的三个问题,以及有助于您为客户服务的答案。

对高净值客户来说,为慈善捐赠获得税前扣除有多重要?

在拥有 500 万美元或以上投资的客户中,91% 的受访者表示,慈善捐赠是其遗产和财务计划的组成部分。 在另一项研究中,大多数富裕投资者提出的捐赠理由远远超出了减税的可能性,如果慈善所得税减税政策取消,他们也不会自动减少捐赠。 这对您的业务意味着,您必须了解客户捐赠的非税务动机,如家庭传统、个人经历、对特定事业的同情以及对特定慈善组织的参与。 这也意味着,与所有客户讨论慈善捐赠问题至关重要,因为很可能大多数客户都认为这很重要。

为什么客户往往不愿意捐赠现金?

许多客户根本不知道将高价值资产捐赠给社区基金会或其他公共慈善机构的捐赠者建议基金或其他类型的基金可以享受税收优惠。 即使他们意识到了,但由于忘记或匆忙,最终还是用信用卡开支票或捐款。 顾问提醒客户捐赠非现金资产(如高价值股票)甚至复杂资产(如紧密持有的商业利益和房地产)的益处,这一点非常重要。 当客户赠送高升值资产代替现金时,往往可以大大减少资本利得税的风险,而且可以根据赠送资产的全部公平市场价值计算扣除额。

向慈善机构赠送礼物的基本扣除规则是什么?

重要的是要知道,您的客户一方面向公共慈善机构(如社区基金会的基金)赠与礼物,另一方面向私人基金会赠与礼物,两者的扣除规则是不同的。 客户对公共慈善机构的捐赠最多可扣除 AGI 的 60%,而对私人基金会的捐赠只能扣除 30%。 此外,馈赠给公共慈善机构的非市场化资产(如房地产和紧握的股票)通常可按公平市价扣除,而馈赠给私人基金会的相同资产则可按客户的成本基础扣除。 就金额而言,这一差异可能是巨大的,因此,如果您的客户计划向慈善机构捐赠大额资金,请务必让他们了解这一点。

与年初通常的情况一样,2024 年第一季度充满了重新审视与慈善捐赠相关的税收规则和筹划技巧的机会。 对于您在与客户合作过程中可能遇到的直接或复杂的慈善捐赠情况,社区基金会的团队始终是您的资源库。

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